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What is meant by the Event of Ghadir Khumm? Before delving into the Event of Ghadir Khumm, it is necessary to clarify what "Ghadir Khumm" means in lexicographical sources. Ibn Durayd states: "Khumm" is the name of a well-known pond (Ghadir means pond), and it is there that the Prophet (SAW) stood and delivered a sermon regarding the virtues of Amir al-Mu'minin, Ali ibn Abi Talib (AS).[1] Ibn Athir, in his book, states: "Ghadir Khumm" is a location between Mecca and Medina, where there is a flowing spring, and the Prophet (SAW) performed prayers there; [2] Yaqut al-Hamawi, who was an inquisitive traveler and geographer, under the entry "Ghadir Khumm," states: It is the name of a place where a famous water reservoir is located. [3] Al-Juhari writes in Sihah: "Ghadir Khumm" is the name of a place between Mecca and Medina in the region of Juhfah. [4] Al-Firuzabadi states: "Ghadir Khumm" is the name of a place three miles from Juhfah, situated between the two Holy Shrines (Mecca and Medina). [5] The Event of Ghadir is among the significant and enduring events in Islamic history, shining like a bright star in the sky of this great religion. It has always been a subject of attention and discussion among Muslims, particularly among scholars, historians, and theologians. This historical occurrence not only holds a prominent position in terms of time and place but also regarding its messages, implications, and religious and social effects. For this reason, throughout various centuries, diverse viewpoints and interpretations have emerged regarding it, and each intellectual current has endeavored to interpret and explain this event in accordance with its theological foundations and its own reading of Islam. Nevertheless, the core of the Ghadir event, based on historical reports, unfolded as follows: The Noble Prophet (SAW), in the tenth year of the Hijra, set out to perform the pilgrimage to the House of Allah and called people to Hajj. This pilgrimage has been recorded under various names: Hajjat al-Wada (Farewell Pilgrimage), Hajjat al-Islam (Pilgrimage of Islam), Hajjat al-Balagh (Pilgrimage of Proclamation), Hajjat al-Kamal (Pilgrimage of Perfection), and Hajjat al-Tamam (Complete Pilgrimage). On the 25th of Dhu al-Qi'dah, four or five days before Dhu al-Hijjah, the Prophet (SAW) left Medina with the intention of performing Hajj. At that time, due to the public announcement, a large number of people had arrived in Medina and joined the Prophet (SAW) on his journey to Hajj. The Prophet (SAW) placed all his wives and members of his household in howdahs (covered litters) and set out for Hajj with his entire family, while a massive host of Arab tribes, Muhajirun (Emigrants), and Ansar (Helpers) moved with him. [6] On the 4th of Dhu al-Hijjah, the Prophet (SAW) entered Mecca. The number of attendees at this pilgrimage has been cited as ranging from forty thousand to one hundred and fourteen thousand people. [7] After performing the rites of Hajjat al-Wada and on the return journey to Medina, on the 18th of Dhu al-Hijjah in the tenth year of the Hijra, in a region between Mecca and Medina named Juhfah, beside a pond that later became known as Ghadir Khumm, he stopped. [8] This location, due to its specific geographical position, was considered one of the important and strategic points on the route of Hijazi caravans. The Prophet (SAW) ordered the Muslims who were with him to gather, forming that great assembly; such that those present and accompanying the Prophet (SAW) on that day witnessed one of the most important sermons in Islamic history. After performing the prayer, the Prophet (SAW) delivered a sermon. In this speech, while reminding Muslims of their religious and ethical responsibilities, he emphasized the importance of adhering to values such as trustworthiness, integrity, loyalty, good conduct, and respecting the rights of others. Furthermore, in a significant portion of his speech, he introduced and praised the status of Imam Ali (AS), reminding people of his outstanding virtues and characteristics. Subsequently, he uttered that famous and historical statement: "For whomever I am his Mawla, Ali is his Mawla. O Allah, love whoever loves him and be an enemy to whoever opposes him." [9] This statement, as one of the most significant expressions cited in the Event of Ghadir, has received extensiv e attention throughout Islamic history and has been analyzed from various theological, historical, and doctrinal perspectives. This event has been regarded as a clear indicator of the appointment of Imam Ali (AS) as successor and leader, although some others, with different interpretations, have proposed other meanings for it. Nonetheless, what is certain is that Ghadir Khumm is not merely a simple historical event; rather, it is a fateful incident in Islamic history whose message has remained alive and influential in the thought and culture of Muslims to this day. [1] . Jamharat al-Lughah, Ibn Durayd, Vol 1, p.108. [2] . Al-Nihayah fi Gharib al-Hadith wa al-Athar, Ibn al-Athir, Abu al-Sa'adat, Vol 2, p.81. [3] . Mu'jam al-Buldan, al-Hamawi, Yaqut, Vol 2, p.389. [4] . Al-Sihah: Taj al-Lughah wa Sihah al-Arabiyyah, al-Juhari, Abu Nasr, Vol 5, p.1916. [5] . Al-Qamus al-Muhit, al-Firuzabadi, Majd al-Din, p.1104. [6] . Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, Ibn Sa'd, Vol 2, p.130. [7] . Al-Sira al-Halabiyya = Insan al-Ayun fi Sira al-Amin al-Ma'mun, al-Halabi, Nur al-Din, Vol 3, pp.361. [8] . Al-Fusul al-Muhimma fi Ma'rifat al-Imama, al-Maliki al-Makki, Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad, Vol 1, p.237. [9] . Manaqib Ali, Ibn al-Maghazli, p.44.