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What was the situation of Shia during the caliphate of the three caliphs? According to the available sources, during the caliphate of the three caliphs, the Shia were actively involved in clarifying the status of Amir al-Mu'minin (a.s). Some loyal Shiites of Imam Ali (a.s) and opponents of Abu Bakr planned to confront Abu Bakr and remove him from the Prophet's pulpit. Imam Ali (a.s) disagreed with this approach and said that instead of this action which has no results, explain the truth in the mosque of the Prophet (s.a.w) so that the people will be aware of the truth and the proof will be over for everyone.[1] Therefore, during this period, the Shia were busy expressing the facts and reminding the position of Imam Ali (a.s.), and the caliphate was not strict in suppressing the Shiites, especially during the caliphate of Umar. But the rulers avoided using them in the government system as much as possible, as seen when Ammar was appointed to rule Kufa, he was dismissed after a while.[2] But during the time of Uthman, this appeasement turned into a conflict, for example, the exile of Abu Dharr is one of the signs of this conflict.[3] Based on this, it should be said that during this period, the Shiites encouraged the people to follow the Prophet's orders and support Imam Ali (a.s) by clarifying and expressing the position of Imam Ali (a.s) in the eyes of the Prophet (s.a.w) and the Prophet's orders towards him, and the government also tolerated the Shiites. Except in a few cases that have caused conflict between the government and the Shiites. [1] . Al-Khisal; Sheikh Al-Saduq, vol: 2, p: 461. [2] . Aldarajat alrafieat fi Tabaqat al Shiite; Al-Shirazi, Al-Sayyid Ali Khan, Vol: 1, P: 261. [3] . Sharh Nahj al-Balagha; Ibn Abi al-Hadid, vol: 8, p: 252.
